Correction and Retraction

Journal of Maritime Business Management (JMBM) is committed to maintaining the accuracy, reliability, and integrity of the scholarly record. Although manuscripts undergo editorial assessment and peer review before publication, errors or issues may occasionally be identified after publication. The journal may therefore publish corrections, retract articles, or take other appropriate actions when necessary to protect the integrity of the academic record.

1. General Principle

Post-publication actions are taken based on the nature and seriousness of the identified issue. JMBM distinguishes between corrections and retractions according to whether an error affects the reliability, interpretation, or validity of the published work. The journal seeks to handle such matters transparently and consistently while preserving the integrity of the scholarly record.

2. Article Correction

A correction may be issued when an error is identified in a published article but the error does not invalidate the main findings, conclusions, or overall reliability of the work. Corrections may be initiated by the authors, editors, or other parties who identify a substantive error.

Depending on the nature of the error, a correction may address errors introduced during publication or errors originating from the authors. Additional information may also be published when necessary to clarify or supplement the original article without changing its fundamental conclusions.

3. Article Retraction

An article may be retracted when serious problems are identified that substantially undermine the reliability or validity of its findings. Grounds for retraction may include data fabrication or falsification, plagiarism, serious methodological or analytical errors, unreliable findings, duplicate or redundant publication, major authorship issues, or other forms of research or publication misconduct. Retraction may also be considered when a substantial error is discovered after publication that cannot be adequately addressed through a correction.

4. Article Withdrawal

Withdrawal generally applies to a manuscript that has not yet been formally published as part of the journal's permanent scholarly record. An article may be withdrawn in exceptional circumstances, such as serious ethical concerns, major errors identified before publication, or other circumstances that prevent the manuscript from proceeding to publication. Requests for withdrawal will be assessed by the editorial board before any action is taken.

5. Article Removal or Replacement

In exceptional circumstances, an article may need to be removed or replaced because of legal requirements, serious ethical concerns, or other circumstances that make continued public access to the original version inappropriate. Any such action will be considered carefully by the editorial board. Where possible, the article's bibliographic information and an explanatory notice will remain available to preserve the transparency and continuity of the scholarly record.

6. Retraction and Post-Publication Procedure

When a potential problem is reported, the editorial board will assess the available evidence and determine the appropriate course of action. Where necessary, the journal may request explanations or supporting information from the authors and other relevant parties before reaching a decision.

If retraction is considered necessary, a formal retraction notice will be published and linked to the original article. The notice will clearly indicate the reason for the retraction while maintaining the article's publication history. Corrections and other post-publication notices will likewise be linked to the affected article to ensure that readers are aware of the changes.

Journal of Maritime Business Management (JMBM) is committed to correcting the scholarly record when necessary and to handling post-publication issues fairly, transparently, and responsibly. All decisions concerning correction, withdrawal, retraction, removal, or replacement will be made with the primary objective of protecting the integrity and reliability of published research.